"The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is the primary federal entity for collecting and analyzing data related to education" [from source].
From the National Center for Educational Statistics. CCD is a comprehensive, annual, national statistical database of information concerning all public elementary and secondary schools (approximately 95,000) and school districts (approximately 17,000).
Produced by the Schott Foundation for Public Education. Provides data, including interactive maps of each state, showing how states are doing in terms of providing resources for children.
Report Cards communicate the findings of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), a continuing and nationally representative measure of achievement in various subjects over time.
From the U.S. Census Bureau. Education finance data include revenues, expenditures, debt, and assets (cash and security holdings) of elementary and secondary public school systems.
Operated by the NCES with the aim to help, "you understand the social and spatial context of education" [from source]. Includes data on K-12, Higher-education, school districts, locale boundaries, and social/economic factors.
The U.S. Census Bureau develops demographic, economic, geographic, and fiscal data for school districts. It also tracks educational attainment by age, race, socioeconomic status, and median earnings.
Searchable database, available in for English and Spanish, for locating school report cards. District and State Report Cards are only available from 2002 forward. Spanish versions of report cards are only available from 2001 forward.