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Scientific Styles

A guide providing an overview of different scientific / medical styles and information on how to use the CSE (Council of Science Editors) Scientific Style.

Examples of In-Text Citations and References for Web & Social Media

Note: Formatting of multiple authors follows the same format as books. For electronic versions of books and articles (journals, magazines, and newspapers) see the respective section for that format.

In-text Citation

Parenthetical: Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Hansen 2017).

Narrative: Hansen (2017) highlights...

Reference

Hansen A. 2017. The most important thing we can do for our brain? exercise! [blog]. Brain Blogger. [accessed March 13, 2018]. http://brainblogger.com/2017/10/24/the-most-important-thing-we-can-do-for-our-brain-exercise/.

For the in-text citation, use the first few words of the title in double quotation marks and the year.

In-text Citation

Parenthetical: Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods ("Why Gardening Can Help You", 2018).

Narrative: "Why Gardening Can Help You" (2018) highlights...

Reference

Why gardening can help you live longer and be healthier [blog]. 2018. Wellness Mama. [accessed March 13, 2018]. https://wellnessmama.com/5437/gardeners-live-longer/.

In-text Citation

Parenthetical: Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Wernet 2012).

Narrative: Wernet (2012) highlights...

Reference

Wernet L. 2012. Want a little kiss ? [accessed 2018 Mar 15]. https://www.flickr.com/photos/farbenflut/8148446518/

Note: These are not included in the reference list and should be cited parenthetically. Permission to use this information should be included either in an Acknowledgment or Notes section at the end of the document.

In-text Citation

Planning for the signing of the document was almost complete (2014 email with J Smith; unreferenced, see “Notes”).

Smith (2014 email; unreferenced, see “Notes”) highlights...

In-text Citation

Parenthetical: Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Beyoncé 2016).

Narrative: Beyoncé (2016) highlights...

Reference

Beyoncé. 2016 Apr 25. #LEMONADE the visual album available now! [accessed 2018 Mar 15]. https://www.facebook.com/beyonce/photos/a.252225550600.296474.28940545600/10156956506310601/?type=3.

In-text Citation

Parenthetical: Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (ISUtube1857 2012).

Narrative: ISUtube1857 (2012) highlights...

Reference

ISUtube1857. 2012. Celebration of President Bowman’s legacy at Illinois State University. Normal, Illinois. [accessed 2018 Mar 15]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_vNPD1rhFY&feature=youtu.be.

In-text Citation

Parenthetical: Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Mondello 2008).

Narrative: Mondello (2008) highlights...

Reference

Mondello B. Fall movies: corsets, crises, comedies and cranks. [accessed 2018 Mar 15]. https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=94117753.

In-text Citation

Parenthetical: Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Lacques 2009).

Narrative: Lacques (2009) highlights...

Reference

Lacques A. 2006. Ben Franklin tech. Modern Marvels. [accessed 2018 Mar 15]. https://www.history.com/shows/modern-marvels/season-12/episode-13.

In-text Citation

Parenthetical: Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (@MediaShiftOrg 2016).

Narrative: @MediaShiftOrg (2016) highlights...

Reference

@MediaShiftOrg. 2016. How will Facebook’s algorithm changes impact your newsroom? https://t.co/Gch0mPJMnV. Twitter. [accessed 2018 Mar 15]. https://twitter.com/MediaShiftOrg/status/752813655247519744.

In-text Citation

Parenthetical: Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Hatch 2014).

Narrative: Hatch (2014) highlights...

Reference

Hatch R. 2014 May 22. The renegades of BioMath. News Illinois State University. [accessed 2018 Mar 15]. https://news.illinoisstate.edu/2014/05/renegades-biomath/.

In-text Citation

Parenthetical: Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Moran n.d.).

Narrative: Moran (n.d.) highlights...

Reference

Moran C. 7 mindfulness habits that lead to 365 days of happiness. Lifehack. [accessed March 13, 2018]. https://www.lifehack.org/346064/7-mindfulness-habits-that-lead-365-days-happiness.

In the reference list, start with the title of the page. For the in-text citation, use the first few words of the title in double quotes and the year.

In-text Citation

Parenthetical: Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods ("Illinois State athletics’ battle bird," n.d.).

Narrative: "Illinois State athletics’ battle bird" (n.d.) highlights...

Reference

Battle Bird. Illinois State University Athletics. [accessed 2018b Mar 15]. http://goredbirds.com/sports/2014/4/16/his_trad_battle_bird.aspx.