Chicago Style

The following section provides examples for the Author-Date format. The formatting for in-text citations and references, regardless of source type, follow the same general format. However, some source types require additional information and formatting.

In-text Citations: Basic Structure

• Includes the author's last name and year of publication
• Are placed in parentheses
• Author's name and publication date appear together
• If author's name is used in the sentence, only the date is in parentheses
• When the author's name is not used in the sentence, the author's name and publication date are placed at the end of the sentence.

References: Basic Structure

• Second line of a reference is indented .5 inches (Hanging indent)
• First author's name is listed last name, first name  (e.g. Adams, Samuel)
• Individual elements are separated by periods
• Publication date appears after the author's name
• Parentheses are not used